2020 年中考英语定语从句语法复习 【名师精选全国真题，值得下载练习】
定语从句
1、关系代词 / 关系副词的选择。
2、只用 that 不用 which 的情况。
3. 只用 which 不用 that 的情况。
一、定语。
1、定义：
定语可翻译为“....的”，主要用来修饰名词（和代词）。
2、分类。
前置定语：定语放在名词前
定语
后置定语：定语放在名词后 3、可充当定语的东西。
①、形容词。
例：
a red pen / a tall girl
1、简单名词。
例：
an apple tree ②、名词。
例：an apple tree
two apple trees
2、sports
例：
a sports shoe
two sports shoes
3、man/woman
例：one man shoe
two men shoes
③、介词短语。
例：
a house with a big garden
the girl in red
the people in Beijing ④、动词的过去分词。
例：
I have a book written by Luxun.(表被动)
比较：The book is written by Luxun. 练习: (1) There is a boy _____ (call) Lilei. (2) There is no time ________ (leave). ⑤、形容词短语。
例：I have a bottle full of water. ⑥、句子。
例：
I know the girl who is beautiful.
二、定语从句。
1、 结构：
名词 + 句子 （用来修饰前面的名词）
I know the girl /
who is beautiful.
名词
句子
2、关系代词的选择。
（1）、先行词：被修饰的名词（或代词）
丏业术语
（2）、关系代词：that、which、 who、whom、whose
关系代词如何翻译？ 例：1）、I know the man who writes many books.
2)、She lived in the house which is in front of the school.
代替前面先行词的意思；先行词是什么意思，关系代词就是什么意思。
（1）、 指示代词指人还是指物
关系代词 句中关系代词的位置
指人
指物 做主语 做宾语 ✔ ✔ that ✔ ✔
✔ which ✔ ✔ ✔
who ✔ ✔ ✔
whom
✔
例：I have a book ________________ is written by Luxun.
I want to find a man __________ is tall. She lost her book _________ she bought two years ago.
（2）、whose ①、意思：
“....的”，即“先行词的.....”
例：I know the girl ______ hair is long.
(that,who)
adj.+n
the girl’s = whose ②、与先行词指人还是物无关。
例：
I have a house __________
garden is big.
The police was finding a man ______ face is hurt. ③、从句中动词前有名词一定用 whose。
3、只用 that 不用 which 的情况。
（1）、先行词是不定代词或者被其修饰时。
不定代词有 all、both、few、little、much、any、every、no、something，nothing 等。
例：I want to tell you something ___that___ Joe told me yesterday.
There is little work ___that____ is suitable for you. （2）、先行词被序数词修饰时。
例：She is the first person __that___ I talk with.
（3）、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
例：He is the tallest man _that__ I have ever seen. （4）、先行词被 the only,
the very,
the same,
the last 等修饰。
例：She is the only person __that___ I want to talk with. （5）、先行词既有人又有物时。
例：They talked about persons and things ___that___ they met.
4、只用 which 不用 that 的情况。
(1) 、在非限制性定语从句中。(用“，”隔开)
例：
Bamboo is hollow(中空的) ， __which______ makes it light. (2) 、在介词后。
例：
This is the room in __which____ I once lived. (3) 、先行词里本身就有 that.
例：Finally he bought that __which_____ he saw in his first sight.(第一眼见到)
5\、关系副词：when、where、why (1) 、什么叫关系副词？
I still remember the days ______ I had a good time in Beijing.
（句子完整）
(which? / that?)
(主？宾？)
关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词 (which )
例：I still remember the mountain ________ I took many photos.
Could you tell me the reason ________ you are late again.
(2) 、什么时候用关系副词？
例：1）、 The little boy is sleeping in the room ___________ he usually plays.
2）、They must finish the work _________ the boss arranged before.
当从句中的动词是不及物动词时。（看从句的动词是否可以直接加上先行词。）
关系副词 相应替换：
介词 + 关系代词 when in / at / on +which where in / at / on +which why for which
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