人教版英语英语一般过去时复习附答案推荐精选
一、初中英语一般过去时 1.Mrs Black
some flowers in the garden yesterday.
A. picks
B. picked
C. is picked
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:布莱克夫人昨天在花园里摘了一些花。时间状语是昨天,应该用一般过去时,故选 B。
【点评】考查动词过去时。表达过去发生的动作用一般过去时。
2.-Have you finished your homework?
-Yes, I have. I
it this morning.
A. finish
B. finishes
C. finished
D. have finished
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:你完成你的作业了吗?——是的,我完成了。我今天早晨完成的。结合语境可知下文描述的是过去某时发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。选 C。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系,注意结合这一特点进行区分。
3.- The radio says there will be a heavy storm in Mount Emei tomorrow.
- Bad luck. I _________ to go there with my classmates.
A. plan
B. will plan
C. planned
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——收音机说明天峨眉山会有大暴雨。——真倒霉。我和我的同学计划去那里。根据答语 Bad luck 可知他在听了峨眉山有大暴雨后非常失望, 可以推测他的计划被打乱了, 而这个计划肯定是早已计划好的, 是一个过去的动作, 所以此句应用一般过去时, 谓语动词应用其过去式, 结合选项故选 C。
【点评】考查一般过去时,注意时态的辨析。
4.—I am sorry I _______ my exercise book at home.
— Don"t forget _______ it to school tomorrow.
A. forget; to take
B. left; to bring
C. forgot; to bring
D. left; to take
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】forget 忘记;leave 留下;bring 带来;take 带走。句意:抱歉,我把我的练习本忘在家里了。——明天不要忘了把它带到学校来。Forget 后接动名词表示忘记做过的某事,接不定式是忘记去做某事,结合语境可知上文描述的是刚才发生的动作,故从句谓语动词用过去时态,下文表示不要忘记做某事,选 A。
【点评】该题型是属于基础题型,是必考内容。英语动词同汉语一样具有一词多义,一词多性的特点。解答此类问题首先要理解每个单词的基本含义,并注意交叉含义间的区别,
了解其特殊用法及习惯搭配等特点,然后结合语境选择正确答案。英语宾语从句的时态和主句没有必然的联系,需结合语境进行具体分析。
5.2016•连云港)
—Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?
—Yes, they
a plan and did it.
A. were working out
B. worked out
C. are working out
D. have worked out
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意:—比利和安娜最后找到了方法了吗?—是的,他们做好了计划并且找到了方法。根据 and 后的动词 did 可知,空格处也应该用一般过去时。故选 B。
6.They don"t live here any longer. They _______ to Chengdu last month.
A. move
B. moved
C. will move
D. are moving
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:他们不再住在这里了。他们上个月搬到成都了。last month 是一般过去时的时间状语,动词用过去式,故答案选 B。
【点评】考查一般过去时态。
7.—When _______ you _______ your homework?
—I had finished it before he _______ back.
A. have; finished; came
B. have; finished; was coming
C. did; finish; came
D. did; finish; was coming
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】考查时态。根据语境知,询问的是完成作业的时间,故用一般过去时。句意:——你什么时候完成的作业?——在他回来之前我就完成了。故选 C。
8.—Have you ever been to Shanghai?
—Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.
A. worked
B. was working
C. would work
D. have worked
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:——你去过上海吗?——当然。事实上,我在那里工作了六年,但是现在我住在泰州。根据答语 but now I live in Taizhou. 但是现在我住在泰州,可知在上海工作为过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,work 的过去式为 worked,故选 A。
【点评】考查一般过去时。注意根据时间状语判断句子的时态,选择正确答案。
9.—Are you a basketball player in you school?
—Yes, I ______the team 3 years ago. I ______in it for 3 years.
A. joined, was
B. was joined, am
C. have joined, have been
D. joined, have been
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:——你是你们学校的篮球运动员吗?——是的,我在 3 年前加入了篮球队。我已经参加它 3 年了。第一空,根据时间状语 3 years ago,三年前,可知此处用一般过去时,故为 joined。第二空,根据 for 3 years,可知此处用延续性动词的现在完成时,结构为 have done,主语是 I,故用 have been。故选 D。
【点评】考查一般过去时和现在完成时。注意根据时间状语确定动词的时态。
10.By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals.
A. turned; have scored
B. turned; had scored
C. had turned; have scored
D. had turned; had scored
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:当我打开电视的时候,贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句,by the time 到…时候为止,用于一般过去时,可排除 CD 选项。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,需用“had+过去分词”结构,可排除 A;根据句意结构,可知,故选 B。
【点评】考查动词时态辨析题。
11.John ________ his grandma every day when she was in hospital.
A. visited
B. was visiting
C. visits
D. is visiting
【答案】
A
【解析】【点评】句意:奶奶住院时,约翰每天去看她。奶奶住院是过去的状态,在这期间发生的约翰每天看望奶奶的动作指的是过去经常反复发生的动作,用一般过去时态,动词用过去式。故选 A。
12.The old man _________________ Bajin was a famous writer.
A. was called
B. is called
C. called
D. calls
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:
老人巴金是一位著名的作家。谓语动词是 was,故此处缺少非谓
语动词,call 与 man 是被动关系,故是过去分词用后置定语,故选 C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词,注意过去分词的用法。
13.Yao Ming, a basketball giant, ___________ water polo when he was young.
A. is playing
B. used to play
C. is used to playing
D. was playing
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:姚明,一个篮球天才,当他年轻时经常玩水球运动。根据 when he was young,可知句式时态是一般过去时,used to do sth.过去经常做某事;be used to doing,习惯做某事,故选 B。
【点评】此题考查一般过去时。根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。
14.—Sorry, I
your dictionary
yesterday.
—It doesn"t matter.
A. took; by hand
B. took; by mistake
C. got; by accident
D. brought; in this way
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:——抱歉,昨天我由于差错拿走了你的字典。——没关系。yesterday 昨天,和一般过去时连用,take:带走,bring:带来,get:得到,by mistake:由于差错,by hand:手工,in this way:以这种方式,根据句意可知答案,故选 B。
【点评】考查动词的时态,辨析和短语。根据语境判断句意,选出恰当的选项。
15.--- When ______ you ______ here?
--- Two days ago.
A. did;come
B. have; come
C. will; come
D. do; come
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】:本题考点为时态。根据答语的明显时间标志词 ago,可知本题所考时态为一般过去时。故答案为 A。
16.—Do you know who invented lights?
—Yes, they
by Edison.
A. invented
B. are invented
C. were invented
D. was invented
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:——你知道谁发明了电灯吗?——是的,它们是被爱迪生发明的。A. invented 发明,一般过去时态;B. are invented 被邀请;一般现在时态的被动语态;C. were invented 被邀请,一般过去时态的被动语态;D. was invented 被邀请,一般过去时态的被动语态,单数。电灯的发明已成为过去,这里是一般过去时态的被动语态,主语是复数,这里用 were done 的形式。根据句意,故答案为 C。
【点评】考查被动语态。注意一般过去时态被动语态的构成。
17.Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, _____ _________to donate a lot of money to charity when his daughter was born.
A. decides
B. has decided
C. had decided
D. decided
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:当脸书的创始人——马克·扎克伯格的女儿出生的时候,他决定把很多钱捐给慈善事业。根据 when his daughter was born.可知,句子为一般过去时。故答案是 D。
【点评】考查动词时态,注意一般过去时的判定依据。
18.— Where did you go last weekend?
— I
to the Great Wall.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. have gone
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:——上个周末你去哪里了?——我去长城了。A,go 一般现在时。B,went 一般过去时 C,will go 一般将来时。D,have gone 现在完成时。据时间状语 last weekend 可知此处用一般过去时,故用动词的过去式 went。故选 B。
【点评】本题考查一般过去时。以及 go、went、will go、have gone 四种事态的用法和区别。
19.The traffic was heavy this morning, but Dad________ to get to the office on time.
A. manages
B. managed
C. would manage
D. will manage
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:今天早上交通非常繁忙,但爸爸设法按时赶到了办公室。根据The traffic was heavy this morning.可知,本句时态为一般过去时,动词“设法”manage 的过去式为 managed。故选 B。
【点评】考查一般过去时,注意判断句子的时态,选择正确答案。
20.Everyone except Tom and John
there when the meeting began.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:当会议开始的时候,除了 Tom 和 John 没来,每个人都在这。except 和 besides 两者都是“除去”之意,但前者指“但并不包括”,是“排除”之意,后者指“除此之外还有”,是“外加”之意。举例如下:There are six of us besides Tom.除汤姆外,另外还有 6 人。(一共 7 人)We all went home except Tom.除汤姆外,我们全回家了。(只有汤姆一人未回家)。谓语动词要看 except 前面的主语。故选 D。
【点评】本题考查 be 动词。以及 are、is、were、was 四个词的用法和区别。
21.—Linda is not coming for the party tonight.
—But she
_.
A. promises
B. promised
C. will promise
D. had promised
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:——琳达今晚不会来聚会。——但是她答应了啊。根据前一句可知“她答应”发生在说话之前,故用一般过去时,因此选 B。
【点评】考查动词的时态。
22.Yesterday while I was walking in the park, I saw a watch on the ground and
. I gave it to a policeman.
A. picked it up
B. picked up it
C. to pick it up
D. to pick up it
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我在公园散步的时候我看到地上有一个手表,捡了起来,我把它交给了警察。and 是并列连词,连接两个并列谓语,根据前面的 saw,可知用一般过去时;pick up 是动副短语,人称代词作宾语时,代词放中间。故选 A。
【点评】本题考查动副短语的用法和一般过去时。注意动副短语中代词的位置。
23.— I suppose you are at least 60 years old.
— Thank you. I"m glad you______ that. My real age is 62.
A. say
B. said
C. are saying
D. were saying
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:——我猜你最少有 60 岁了。——谢谢。我很高兴那样说。我的真实年龄是 62 岁了。结合语境可知下文从句中指的是刚才发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。选 B。
【点评】考查时态辨析
24.After Steven sent some e-mails ,he______ surfing the Internet.
A. starts
B. has started
C. will start
D.
started
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:Steven 发了一些电子邮件之后,他就开始上网冲浪。start 开始,是一个动词。根据句意和上句话中 Steven sent some e-mails 可知,这里应该用一般过去时。故选 D。A 是一般现在时;B 是现在完成时;C 是一般将来时。
【点评】考查动词时态。
25.While she ______________ TV, she ______________ a sound outside the room.
A. was watching; was hearing
B. watched; was hearing
C. was watching; heard
D. watched; heard
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:当她正在看电视时她听见房间外的声音。while 引导的时间状语从句,从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时。过去进行时的结构是 was/were+动词 ing,主语是 she,所以用 was,watch 的 ing 是 watching;主句中 hear 的过去式是 heard,故选C。
【点评】考查 while 引导的时间状语从句,注意平时识记其结构。
26.– A nice car! Is it yours?–No, it isn"t. I __________ it from a friend of mine two days ago.
A. borrow
B. have borrowed
C. will borrow
D. borrowed
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:一辆漂亮的车!它是你的?一不,不是。两天前我向我的一个朋友借的。borrow sth. from sb.从某人那里借来某物。borrow 表示的是借进,lend 表示借出。a friend of mine 我的一个朋友。根据 two days ago 可知该用一般过去时,故选 D。
27.Mr Zhang and his wife
_______to the party last Sunday。(
)
A.
invited
B. was invited
C. were invited
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:上周星期天请的张先生和妻子参加晚会。表示上周星期天发生的过去动作,用一般过去时态;主语 Mr Zhang and his wife 是谓语动词 invite 的承受者,用被动语态,主语 Mr Zhang and his wife 表示复数合义。故选 C。
28.— Look at the sign! It says "No smoking".
—Oh, sorry. I ______ it.
A. don"t see
B. haven"t seen
C. wasn"t seen
D. didn"t see
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:——看看这个标志,它说“禁止吸烟”。——哦,对不起,我没有看见它。A.一般现在时;B.现在完成时;C.一般过去时的被动语态;D.一般过去时。根据句子可知是过去没有看见“禁止吸烟”标志,现在看见了,所以用一般过去时,故选 D。
【点评】考查一般过去时,注意理解句意。
29.As we all know, the Silk Road _______ China to the west in ancient times.
A. connects
B. connected
C. will connect
D. is connecting
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:众所周知,在古代丝绸之路是连接中国和西方的。In ancient times“在古代”,因此要用一般过去式。结合句意,故选 B。
【点评】考查动词时态。
30.—— Have you watched the movie the Left Ear?—— Yes, I
it last night with my sister.
A. have watched
B. watched
C. will watch
D. was watching
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:——你看了电影《左耳》了吗?——是的,昨天晚上我和妹妹一起看的。句中含有时间状语 last night,句子就强调在 last night 发生的过去动作。指过去某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,用一般过去时态,故选 B。
31.—An explosion (爆炸)
happened in Yanchen several weeks ago.
—I wonder ________.
A. when did the accident happen
B. what caused the terrible accident
C. how many people are killed in the accident
D. how did the government help solve the problem
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:——数周前盐城发生了一起爆炸事件。——我想知道是什么引起了这场严重的事故。描 wonder 后接宾语从句,从句用陈述句的语序,故排除 A、D 选项,描述发生的事情,用一般过去时,故排除 C 选项,故选 B。
【点评】考查宾语从句的时态和语序。注意宾语从句用陈述句的语序。
32.Bella, a young singer, ______ on January, 2015 because of cancer. Her death made us very sad.
A. has been dead
B. has died
C. was dead
D. died
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:贝拉,一位年轻的歌手在 2015 年的 1 月因为癌症去世了。她的死叫我们很难过。根据时间 on January, 2015 可知用过去式,结合句意和语境应选 D。
33.—I know you ______ to China many years ago. And how long have you ______ in China ?
—I don"t remember it exactly.
A. come, live
B. came; come
C. come; come
D. came;
lived
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:—我知道你多年前就来中国了。你在中国住了多久了?—我记不太清了。根据过去时间短语 many years ago 可知,谓语动词使用过去式 came。how long 与持续性动词连用,live 是持续性动词,come 暂时性动词。根据语境可知,本句为现在完成时态,所以动词使用过去分词 lived。故选:D。
【点评】此题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。
34.He almost fell down. But he _____.
A. didn"t
B. doesn"t
C. won"t
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:他几乎摔倒,但是他没有。前句动词 fell 是 fall 的过去式,说明句子用的一般过去时态,后句也还是对那件事的描述,还是用一般过去时态,否定:动词前面加 didn"t,同时把动词变为原形。故选 A。
35.
__
terrible environment! The pollution here is even more serious than I
__
.
A. What a; thought
B. How; think
C. What an; think
D. How; thought
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:多么糟糕的环境啊!这里的污染比我想的更严重。What 和 How都可以引导感叹句,其句型是 what +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数或者 what
+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词;how +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数或 how +形容词或副词。第一个空修饰的是名词 environment,是可数名词单数,故用 what;根据句意可知,我所想的应是过去所想,现在已经看到了这里的环境,故第二个空应用一般过去时态。选 A。
36.——Nobody but you _______ late for school this morning.
——Sorry , I _______ to school when it began to rain heavily.
A. was , went
B.
were ,was going
C. was , was about to go
D. is, am going
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】
句意:除了你今天早上没人迟到了。对不起,我即将上学的时候,天开始下起了大雨。Be about to do sth 即将做某事,所以选 C。
【点评】考查主谓一致。
37.—My car ________ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?
—I"m sorry I can"t, I"m ________ Dalian tomorrow morning.
A. breaks down; flying at
B. has broken down; flying at
C. broke down; flying to
D. had broken down; flying to
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:——我的车坏了,你明天能搭我一程吗?——对不起我不能,我明天早上要坐飞机去大连。break down,出毛病,出故障,根据 yesterday,可知用一般过去时,break 的过去式是 broke,根据 tomorrow morning,可知用一般将来时,一些表示移动的动词可以用 be+doing,表将来时,故选 C。
【点评】考查动词的时态。注意根据时间状语确定动词时态。
38.The car suddenly _________ on the road and went out of control. Finally, it was seen _________ into the wall of the building.
A. was broken down; crash
B. broke down; crash
C. was broken down; to crash
D. broke down; to crash
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意:汽车在路上突然加速,失去了控制。最后,人们看到它撞到了建筑物的墙壁上。break down 和主语 car 是主动关系,故排除 A 和 C,be seen to do,固定搭配,被看到做某事,故用不定式,故选 D。
【点评】考查语态和固定搭配,注意 be seen to do 的用法。
39.I was walking in the street when someone _______ me.
A. called
B. was calling
C. calls
D. call
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:我正在街上走这时有人叫我。状语从句中前后时态要保持一致,根据主句中的 was walking 可知此处用过去的时态,排除 CD;此处 call 表示短暂性动作,所以不用进行时态,故答案为 A。
【点评】考查动词的时态,注意时态的前后一致。
40.Could you tell me ____this morning?
A. what time you had breakfast
B. where have you been
C. how did you get there
D. why will you leave earlier
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:你可以告诉我今天早上你几点吃饭吗?tell 后接了一个宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,排除 CD,根据 this morning,判断句子时态用一般过去时,故答案选 A。
【点评】考查宾语从句语序和时态。注意宾语从句的用法。
41.—Linda hasn"t come to the party yet.
—But she
. I think I have to call her again.
A. promises
B. promised
C. will promise
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:——琳达还没来参加聚会。——但她答应了。我想我得再给她打个电话。根据 I think I have to call her again. 我得再给她打个电话。可知她答应了,应用一般过去时,故选 B。
【点评】考查动词一般过去时的用法。
42.- Did you go to Li Lei"s birthday party? - No, I ___________.
A. am not invited
B. don"t invite him
C. wasn"t invited
D. haven"t invited
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:——你去参加李雷的生日聚会了吗?——没有,我没有被邀请。根据句意可知用一般过去时的被动结构,故选 C。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。
43.Not only the students but also the teacher ___ enjoying the film at 9 pm yesterday.
A. has been
B. was
C. is
D. are
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】昨天上午九点,不但学生们,老师也很喜欢这部电影。结合语境可知本句描述的是过去某时正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时态。当由 not only but also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致,the teacher 是单数第三人称,故助动词用 is 的过去时态 was,选 B。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。当由并列连词连接几个并列主语时,谓语动词往往与最近的主语保持一致,这就是英语中所谓的就近原则,熟记即可。
44.The debate on whether to keep pets _____ forty minutes yesterday afternoon.
A. last
B. lasted
C. will last
D. has lasted
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:关于是否养宠物的辩论昨天下午持续了 40 分钟。A 是动词原形;B 是一般过去时;C 是一般将来时;D 是现在完成时。yesterday afternoon 是一般过去时的时间状语,故答案为 B。
【点评】考查动词的时态,注意时间状语。
45.Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already.
A. got, had left
B. got, has left
C. had got, left
D. got, left
【答案】
A
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天当我到达车站时,火车已经离开了。结合语境可知前文时间状语从句描述的是过去某时发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。下文,描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作,故用过去完成时态,选 A。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系,注意结合这一特点进行区分。
46.—Where is Mr. Smith?
—He _______ to the library. I _______ him there five minutes ago.
A. has been; have met
B. has been; met
C. has gone; have met
D. has gone; met
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:---史密斯先生在哪儿?---他去图书馆了,五分钟前我在那里遇到他。have been to 去过某地(已经回来);have gone to 去了某地(尚未返回)。根据句意可知史密斯先生此刻不在此处,所以用 has gone;根据 five minutes ago 是过去时间可知第二空用一般过去时,故答案为 D。
【点评】考查动词的时态,熟记 have been to 与 have gone to 的意思差异,注意判断时态的时间状语。
47.-- Jack, do you know who won the school writing competition?
-- Not yet. It is said too many excellent works
.
A. received
B. are received
C. were received
D. will be received
【答案】
C
【解析】【分析】句意:——Jack,你知道谁在学校写作竞赛中获胜了吗?——还不知道,据说收到了太多优秀的作品。主语是 too many excellent works,与 receive 构成被动关系,故用被动语态。根据上文的 won 可知是过去式,故选 C。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。
48.—Hi, Jack. Nice to meet you here in Taizhou! —Me too. But I _______ you were in Shanghai.
A. think
B. thought
C. am thinking
D. will think
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:一你好,杰克,很高兴在泰州这儿见到你。一我也是。但是我以为你在上海。A.一般现在时态;B.一般过去时态;C.现在进行时态;D.一般将来时态。在我见到你之前以为你在上海,表示过去的状态,用一般过去时,故选 B。
49.——Have you bought the best-sell book in the store near our school?
——Yes, I _____ it three days ago,but I hear that they ________
A. have bought, sell out
B. bought, have been sold out
C. bought, have sold out
D. have had, have been sold out
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:---你购买了我们学校附近那家书店里的畅销书了吗?---对,我 3天之前买的,但我听说他们已经卖空了。从时间状语 three days ago 可以看出这里应该用一般过去时;第二个分句中的 they 指的是畅销书,它是动词 sell out 的承受着,所以要用被动语态。所以选 B。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。
50.I _______ along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat.
A. walked
B. was walking
C. would walk
D. had walked
【答案】
B
【解析】【分析】句意:“当我看见彼得时我正在沿着马路走。连词 when 意为“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,表示当某一表示过去的动作发生时,另一动作正在进行。故选 B。
【点评】考查动词时态用法。
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